Latin Name: Acorus calamus

Sanskrit Name: Vacha

Part: Root

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: mental fatigue, memory loss, anxiety, bronchitis, sinusitis, tension headache, flatulence, joint pains.

Considered useful in all conditions of Vata excess or nervous exhaustion. Can be combined with ashwagandha, guduchi, gotu kola, or haritaki.


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Latin Name: Aegle marmelos

Sanskrit Name: Bilwa

Part: Fruit

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: diarrhea, non-specific colitis, malabsorption syndrome, gastritis, adult onset diabetes (as ancillary therapy).

This fruit has the rare property of being of greatest therapeutic value when unripe.


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Latin Name: Andrographis paniculata

Sanskrit Name: Kirta

Part: Leaves

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: viral hepatitis, children's bowel complaints, gastric acidity, liver congestion, flatulence

Usually mixed with cardamom and cinnamon powder and the herb bhumi amalaki or Phyllanthus niruri. Pacifies P and K.


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Latin Name: Asparagus racemosus

Sanskrit Name: Shatavari

Part: Root

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: strengthens and increases muscle tone, moistens dry tissues of the kidneys, stomach, lungs, and sexual organs, improves general strength, increases breast milk secretion during lactation, male impotence.

Traditionally taken with milk, ghee, and a pinch of pippali to increase absorption. Shatavari is an excellent general tonic.


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Latin Name: Azadirachta indica

Sanskrit Name: Neem

Part: Leaves

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: skin blemishes, skin infections, eczema, psoriasis, fever, fungal infections, blood purifier, detoxification

Neem trees have significant organic sulphur content and its leaves are found in almost every skin preparation in Ayurveda. Neem reduces Pitta dosha and heat in the body.
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Latin Name: Bacopa monniera

Sanskrit Name: Brahmi

Part: Leaves

Tradtional Ayurvedic Uses: nervous exhaustion, generalized fatigue, epilepsy (apasmara), improves memory, anti-ageing, cardiac tonic, bronchitis, cough.

Brahmi is thought to act on the central nervous system by revitalising the brain and nervous tissue. Its name connotes that it is a "promoter of intelligence and wisdom". It is often combined with shankhpushpi inoides), ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), or gotu kola (Centella asiatica).


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Latin Name: Bergenia ligulata

Sanskrit Name: Pashanbheda

Part: Roots

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: kidney stones, bladder infection, water retention, fever, chronic ulcers, skin wounds, diarrhea.

As its name "pashan"=stone; "bheda"=destroyer) indicates, this root has been recognized for its litholytic properties.


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Latin Name: Boerhaavia difusa

Sanskrit Name: Punarnava

Part: Root

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: diuretic, laxative, expectorant, used in asthma, bronchitis, edema, anemia, anti-inflammatory.

Punarnava is pacifying for all three doshas and is an excellent detoxifying herb for water soluable toxins in the blood and muscles. It is considered a rasayana (tonic) for all tissues and organs. Combines wel with arjuna (Terminalia arjuna), haritaki (Terminalia chebula), and guggulu (Commiphora mukul).


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Latin Name: Cassia angustifolia

Sanskrit Name: Markandika (English: Senna)

Part: Leaves

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: purgative in constipation, skin inflammations, gout, liver congestion, flatulence.

Usually given with fennel, coriander, cumin, or ginger. Contraindicated in pregnancy, hemorrhoids, or colitis.


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Latin Name: Cedrus deodara

Sanskrit Name: Devadaru

Part: Wood

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: flatulence, diarrhea, hemorrhoids, fever, reduces Kapha and Vata, diaphoretic (promotes sweating)


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Latin Name: Centella asiatica

Sanskrit Name: Mandukaparni

Part: Whole plant

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: anxiety, memory deficit, insomnia

Gotu kola has a cooling effect and also lowers blood pressure; it is alterative (blood purifier) and is also a decongestant.


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Latin Name: Cinnamomum tamala

Sanskrit Name: Tejpatra

Part: Leaves

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: improves digestion, bloating, cough, flatulence, heartburn, dry mouth, nausea, bad breath


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Latin Name: Commiphora mukul

Sanskrit Name: Guggulu

Part: Gum resin (dried)

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: obesity, rheumatic disorders, arthritis, hypercholesterolemia, wet coughs, ulcers.

Guggul is used more for chronic conditions than for acute illnesses and can be used over long periods of time; in Sanskrit guggul means "wards off disease". It is one of the most reliable and proven herbs in Ayurveda. Good for all three doshas.


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Latin Name: Datura metal

Sanskrit Name: Datura

Part: Whole herb

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: asthma, whooping cough, muscle spasm, sciatica (due to muscle spasm), painful menstruation


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Latin Name: Eclipta alba

Sanskrit Name: Bhringaraj

Part: Whole plant

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: viral hepatitis, liver disorders, skin and hair care, improves complexion, calms the mind, memory disorders, swollen glands due to upper respiratory viral infection, strengthens spleen, general tonic, pacifies Kapha and Vata.

Bhringaraj is said to prevent hair loss and cellulite. It is an excellent rejuvenating herb for the mind.


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Latin Name: Embelia ribes

Sanskrit Name: Vidanga

Part: Powdered berries

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: intestinal parasites, intestinal worms, skin fungal infections, obesity, sore throat, digestive strengthener

While an excellent "deworming" remedy, it is a safe and invaluable herb to strengthen the body, especially the digestive system if it has been chronically stressed. Keeps the intestines free of toxins. Be aware: this herb may reduce sperm count.


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Latin Name: Emblica officinalis

Sanskrit Name: Amlaki

Part: Fruit

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: builds tissues, increases red blood cell count and therefore improves anemia, constipation, asthma, bronchitis, inflammation of the lungs, calms the stomach, hemorrhoids.

Charak mentions this herb to be supreme for anti-ageing. Today we know that an amalaki fruit has more than ten times the Vitamin C content of an orange.


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Latin Name: Evolvulus alsinoides

Sanskrit Name: Shankhpushpi

Part: Whole plant

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: nervous exhaustion, memory loss, nootropic agent, general weakness

Combines well with ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), brahmi (Bacopa monniera), and gingko biloba. Also commonly combined with tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) as a tonic tea. Can be smoked with vacha (Acorus calamus) as a nervine tonic. Pacifies Vata and Pitta.


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Latin Name: Gymnema sylvestre

Sanskrit Name : Meshasringi, Gurmar

Part: Leaves

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: possible sugar-reducing properties in diabetes (type 2), snakebite, excellent for everyone to purify the blood.

Leaves were found to contain active principles which cause inhibition of the hyperglycemic response in rats. Research to date is encouraging but incomplete.


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Latin Name: Hemidesmus indicus

Sanskrit Name: Sariva Part: Root

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: blood purifier, skin conditions, acne, general weakness, anti- diarrheal, anorexia, detoxification

Found in many medical and cosmetic facial packs, also called "Sugandha" because of the wonderful fragrance of these roots; should not be boiled. Excellent blood purifier. Combines well with manjistha (Rubia cordifolia) and guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia).


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Latin Name: Hyoscyamus niger

Sanskrit Name: Yavani

Part: Leaves

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: nervous excitement, hysteria, insomnia, anxiety, intestinal colic, bronchial asthma, motion sickness.

Must be used in small amounts as it contains hyoscyamine, an atropine-like alkaloid which is sedative in large doses. Use 100 mg. of the powdered root twice per day with food.


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Latin Name: Justicia adhatoda

Sanskrit Name: Vasaka

Part: Roots and leaves

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: A well-known bronchdilator, expectorant, used in asthma, bronchitis, cough, intestinal colic, and dysmenorrhea.


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Latin Name: Mucuna pruriens

Sanskrit Name: Kapikachchha

Part: Seed powder

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: general weakness, Parkinson's disease, hypercholesterolemia, nervous disorders

Seeds contain L-DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) which is a neurotransmitter deficient in parkinsonism. Sushruta mentions these seeds as a virilifier.


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Latin name: Nardostachys jatamansi

Sanskrit Name: Jatamansi

Part: Rhizomes

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: Nervous agitation, hysteria, anxiety, painful menstruation, pre-menstrual tension, sedative, yet also said to energize a fatigued mind, irritible bowel syndrome.

The name "jatamansi" refers to the jata or tangled hair of an ascetic, which the plant resembles. It grows high in the Himalayas and was recommended by Charak, Sushruta, and Vagbhatta as a tranquilizer in mental disorders. Combines well with brahmi (Bacopa monniera), shankhpushpi (Evolvulus alsinoides), vacha (Acorus calamus), valerian root (Valeriana wallachii), and kava kava (Piper methysicum).


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Latin Name: Ocimum sanctum

Sanskrit Name: Tulsi; Tulasi

Part: Leaves

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: common cold, cough, bronchspasm, bronchitis, general stress syndrome, skin infections, indigestion, nausea, sinus infection, tuberculosis, ringworm, ear infections.

Considered a sacred plant in India, it is still grown in backyards and courtyards throughout India and worshipped as a daily ritual for family well-being. The plant has mosquito repellant action.


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Latin name: Oroxylum indicum

Sanskrit Name: Shyonaka

Part: Root bark powder

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: arthritic conditions, digestive aid, anti-diarrheal, purgative (in larger doses), Kapha-reducer, yet useful for all three doshas.


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Latin Name: Operculina turpethum

Sanskrit Name: Trivrit

Part: Root

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: constipation, flatulence, colic, obesity.

Praised in Ayurveda as one of the best herbs for promoting gentle yet complete intestinal cleansing; used in Panchakarma therapies in many centers in India.


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Latin name: Phyllanthus niruri

Sanskrit Name: Bhumi amalaki

Part: Whole plant

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: viral hepatitis, chronic liver disorders, jaundice, constipation, dyspepsia, anorexia

Combines well with milk thistle, an American herb, and Bhringaraj (Eclipta alba). Bhumi amalaki is an excellent liver-detoxifying herb.


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Latin Name: Plantago ovata

Sanskrit Name: Isabgol

Part: seeds

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: mild-to-moderate constipation, chronic colitis, irritible bowel syndrome, urinary tract infection (ancillary treatment with other herbs).

Found to be superior to psyllium as a hydrophilic laxative and is not habit-forming. Isabgol increases stool weight and increases colonic motility; thousands of patients have taken it for decades without report of adverse effects. .


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Latin Name: Plumbago zeylanica

Sanskrit Name: Chitraka

Part: Root

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: arthritic pain, skin conditions, abortifacient, blood purifier, obesity, hemorrhoids

Must be taken in very small doses (i.e. 100-200 mg per day) Combines well with guggulu (Commiphora mukul).


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Latin Name: Rauwolfia serpentina

Sanskrit Name: Sarpagandha

Part: Root

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: high blood pressure, mental agitation, insomnia, sedative, hypnotic

Sarpagandha is the source of reserpine, an anti-hypertensive drug used briefly during the 1970's.


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Latin Name: Rubia cordifolia

Sanskrit Name: Manjistha

Part: Root

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: skin disorders of many varieties, menstrual disorders (excessive or painful bleeding), renal stones, urinary disorders,blood detoxification, one of the best Pitta- pacifying herbs, also pacifies Kapha.


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Latin Name: Saraca indica

Sanskrit Name: Asoka

Part: Bark

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: menorrhagia (scant menses), dysmenorrhea (painful menses, menstrual cramps), depression, bleeding hemorrhoids, uterine fibroids, considered a uterine sedative and tonic.

Ashoka means "without sorrow", a reference to this bark's reputation for keeping women healthy and youthful; Buddha was said to be born under this tree.


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Latin Name: Sida cordifolia

Sanskrit Name: Bala

Part: Root

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: generalized weakness, post-partum weakness, mental exhaustion, nervousness, bronchospasm, cough, asthma, fever, hemorrhoids, fever, urinary tract infection.

Can be given with ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), shatavari (Asparagus racemosus), brahmi (Bacopa monniera), guggulu (Commiphora mukul), shankhpushpi (Evolvuus alsinoides), and kapikachccha (Mucua pruriens).


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Latin Name: Solanum surattense

Sanskrit Name: Kantakari

Part: Whole plant

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: asthma, cough, bronchspasm, sore throat, constipation, an effective expectorant and diuretic.

Bhavamisra, an ancient physician, mentions it as promoting conception in females. Given with honey, tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), datura (Datura metal), and black pepper it can be effective in cases of bronchial asthma.


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Latin Name: Terminalia arjuna

Sanskrit Name: Arjuna

Part: Bark

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: heart disease, early congestive heart failure, angina, pericarditis, palpitations, high blood pressure, skin conditions, obesity, cirrhosis, edema.

Not recommended even in India as a replacement for modern medicines, but rather as a useful adjunct to treatment. Arjuna is a reputed heart tonic known for promoting longevity. Combines well with guggulu (Commiphora mukul), guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia), hawthorne berry, and punarnava (Boerhaavia difusa).


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Latin Name: Terminalia bellerica

Sanskrit Name: Bibhitaka

Part: Fruits

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: general tonic and strengthener, cough, sore throat, fatigue, gastrointestinal disorders of all types; mild laxative. Helps V, P, K.


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Latin Name: Terminalia chebula

Sanskrit Name: Haritaki

Part: Fruit

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: chronic constipation, peptic ulcer disease, gastritis, obesity, antifungal, itchy skin, malabsorption, upset stomach, reduces acidity, excellent for the eyes. Good for V, P, and K. Combines well with many herbs.


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Latin Name: Tinospora cordifolia

Sanskrit Name: Guduchi

Part: Whole plant

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: general, all-round tonic for all constitutions, used in viral hepatitis, gout, arthritis, impotence, spermatorrhea, chronic or common fatigue, diabetes.

One of the most well-known herbs in all of Ayurveda, it is renown for strengthening the immune system and rejuvenating the tissues and organs. safely taken by all individuals for most ailments with associated weakness. Used by healthy individuals to promote vitality.


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Latin Name: Tribulus terrestris

Sanskrit Name: Gokshura

Part: Fruits

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: strengthener of reproductive tissues in men and women, impotency, difficult menstruation, benign enlargement of the prostate, kidney or bladder stones, anti-ageing.

Combines well for different conditions with ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia), shatavari (Asparagus racemosus), asoka (Saraca indica), ginger, and licorice root.
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Latin Name: Withania somnifera

Sanskrit Name: Ashwagandha

Part: Root

Traditional Ayurvedic Uses: general fatigue, rejuvenator, muscular weakness, stress- induced debility, anxiety, sexual debility in men and women, nervous exhaustion, rheumatoid arthritis pain, wound healing, asthma. A famous sutra:

AshwagandhaAnilaSleshmaSwitraSodhaKshayaapahaa
BalyaaRasaayaneeTiktaaKashaayochaatiSukralaa.

-Bhaavaprakaasa, 189

"Ashwagandha reduces vata (anila), kapha (shleshma), treats vitiligo (switra), edema (sodha), and generalized weakness (ksayaapahaa). It promotes strength (balya) and rejuvenation (rasayani); it is bitter, astringent, stimulating, and increases sperm (sukralaa)".

A great deal of research has been conducted to verify many of these traditional uses; much further study is required. Charaka has described diverse uses as well as its ability to promote longevity and renewed vigor.


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